宋朝是中国历史上一个重要的时期，自公元960年至1279年，共历经五个世系，包括赵匡胤、赵构、赵祯、赵昚和赵孟。整个时期可分为北宋和南宋两个部分。以下是对每一位皇帝及其在位时间的一些简要介绍。
赵匡胤（太宗）- 宋朝开国皇帝
在位时间：960年-976年
赵匡胤不仅建立了北宋，还实行了新政改革，以巩固中央集权，并提倡文治经济发展。
赵光义（真宗）- 文治天子
在位时间：997年-1027年
真宗以其贞观之治著称，他支持学者学习古籍，对文化事业大力推动，使得北宋期间出现了一系列杰出的文学家和思想家。
赵恒（仁宗）- 和平与稳定的统治者
在位时间：1028年-1063年
仁宗重视农业，减免税赋，加强防御建设，同时修建了多座佛教寺庙，为后来的文化繁荣奠定基础。
赵顼（英宗）- 文化兴盛与政治斗争的象征
在位时间：1063年1077年及1085年的几个月间各复辟一次
英宗曾两次被废黜，但他仍然是一名有才华的皇帝，在他的统治下，有许多文学作品诞生，如苏轼等人都在这段时期活跃。
赵构（神宗）- 政策上的革新与扩张主义政策实施者
在位时间：1067到1085年的几个月间，以及1094到1100之间各复辟一次。
神宗制定了“均输法”来改善物流系统，并对边疆进行了一系列军事行动，以扩大国家版图。
赵佶（哲宗）
在位时间：1100—1125
哲宗由小儿继承皇权，其母窦氏实际掌握着朝政，这导致宦官专权问题日益严重，最终导致北宋灭亡于金族入侵中去除后的残部转移到南方成为南宋继续存在下来。
张洙代理君主(靖康二将)
在职期间:1126—1128
随着哲宗被俘，此段历史也被称为“靖康之变”，标志着北宋灭亡并引发了全国性的动荡局势。
张洙代理君主(绍圣初)
在职期间:1130—1135
此时期虽然没有正式设立新的皇室，但是在外交和国内政策方面尝试恢复秩序，但是因内忧外患而未能持续久远。
张洙代理君主(绍熙初)
在职期间:1141—1142
这段时期主要是处理与金国关系以及维持国家财政状况的问题但最终还是没能挽回局面，将帝国的命运进一步加剧下去
10.Song Zhe (Gaozong of Song) - The founder of the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as Gaozong.
Reigning Period: 1127–1162, with interruptions in 1153 and 1164–1189.
Gaozong was the first emperor to rule from the newly established capital of Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou), marking the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty.
11.Song Xiaozhuang (Song Lizun) - A puppet emperor under regent's control.
Reigning Period: 1224–1227, with interruptions in 1234 and 1249–1253.
This period is marked by internal strife and external threats from Mongol forces.
12.Song Mo - A puppet emperor under regent's control.
Reigning Period: During his reign, there were several short-lived emperors who ruled briefly before being deposed or dying young.
13.Song Gongdi - A puppet emperor under regent's control.
Reigning Period: His reign was marked by continuous conflict with Kublai Khan and his Mongol Empire.
14.Wu Zetian - The only woman to ever hold the title "Emperor" in Chinese history, serving as both Empress Regnant and Emperor during her rule over China in a time when women were not supposed to hold such positions or titles.
15.Qin Shi Huangdi — Founder of China's First Imperial Dynasty Qin dynasty; Also known as Qin Shi Huangdi or Shihuangti after death; He united various warring states into one single empire called China for which he served as its first ruler/king/emperor but died without an heir so had no successor thus ending that dynasty
16.Xiaodouzi — One more nameless king who did not have any throne name because he did not get recognized by anyone among historians
17.Gaozu — Founder of Han Dynasty; He founded Han dynasty after overthrowing previous ruling family named Chu Kingdoms but this event happened before song dynasty started so it doesn't belong here though it is important historical figure in chinese history timeline
18.Yuan Zhizhong — Last Emperor Of Yuan Dynasty And Last Ruler Of Ming-Qing Transition Who Died In Prison Before Being Officially Executed As Part Of Ming Restoration By Hongwu Emperor After Which He Was Posthumously Declared Guilty And Officially Executed In Public But Still Does Not Belongs To The Song Dynasty Timeline So There Is No Such Name Among These List Here For That Time Frame As It Is Not Related To The Topic We Are Talking About Here Since They Were All Emperors Or Rulers From Different Dynasties Than SongDynasty